How Different Assets Anticipate Interest Rate Cuts
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The financial markets are continuously evolving, and the unexpected hawkish rate cut during the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) meeting in December has caused substantial volatility across various assetsInvestors are left grappling with the ramifications of this shift and attempting to understand future trendsAs we anticipate the swearing-in of the new administration on January 20, the policy influences will become increasingly pertinentGaining insights into the expectations built into different asset classes—including how interest rate cut expectations weigh against other policy forecasts—is essential for informed decision-making in the coming months.
According to analysts from China International Capital Corporation (CICC), the prevailing views point towards a variety of anticipatory scenarios shaped by the marketMany asset classes are factoring in expectations for more aggressive rate cuts than those projected by the Fed, thus creating intriguing opportunities for contrarian strategies
Throughout 2023, the expectation for rate cuts swung between extremes, and relying solely on the linear extrapolation of these expectations has historically proven misleading.
Although the Fed has paused its rate cuts for now, it remains open to future adjustmentsThe current decision to halt rate reductions does not imply an end to the rate cut cycle altogetherOne reason for this pause is the idea that the economy is experiencing a “soft landing,” or an easing without a significant downturnConsequently, excessive haste toward rate cuts might hamper momentum rather than aid it, given the close alignment between financing costs and investment returnsFurthermore, various policies will inevitably shape future inflation trajectories, necessitating thorough observation over timeContrary to market fears, the Fed’s strategy of maintaining some leeway for adjustments might not pose a danger; rather, it prepares a foundation for future cuts once the current hawkish trends settle.
This scenario creates an opportunity to play the market in a contrarian manner
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Generally, the implied expectations for rate cuts across various asset classes exceed those reflected in the Fed’s dot plot, and even surpass futures market predictions from the CMEFor instance, if we assess one rate cut as 25 basis points, the future rate cut expectations projected by different assets span as follows: US Treasury Bonds (0.4 cuts), Copper (0.5 cuts), CME futures (1 cut), Gold (1.4 cuts), NASDAQ (1.9 cuts), Dow Jones (2 cuts), the Fed's dot plot (2 cuts), and finally, S&P 500 (2.3 cuts).
Focusing specifically on US Treasury Bonds, short-term debt reveals an implied reduction of less than one rate cut, whereas long-term yields have markedly exceeded the calculated levelsThe one-year Treasury yield currently reflects a rate expectation of 4.3%, which is notably higher than the reasonable baseline of 3.5% derived from two analytical frameworks predicting a reduction of 50 to 75 basis points
These frameworks are: 1) Returning monetary policy to a neutral stance based on natural rate estimates, with averages hovering around 1.4% for the NY Fed and other financial observers, suggesting that assuming 2.1-2.5% PCE inflation projections in 2025, nominal neutral rates could normalize around 3.5-3.8%. Therefore, a reduction of 2-3 additional cuts could align2) Applying the Taylor Rule with estimates of 4.3% unemployment and 2.5% inflation predicts a suitable federal funds rate close to 3.2%. Risks to inflation moving upward could potentially squeeze the actual rate decrease by the Fed.
Currently, the yield on the 10-year Treasury stands at 4.6%, with an implied rate estimate of around 4.16% and a term premium of 0.4%. Further analysis suggests two avenues: one, if we assume rates for 2024-2026 align with Fed projections, then the projected level for 10-year Treasury bonds should rest around 3.6%, and two, with the prospect of the term premium turning positive post-balance sheet normalization, assuming a range between 30-50 basis points, the expected yield may approximate 3.9%-4.1% overall.
Examining Copper suggests similarly muted expectations, with projections indicating less than one rate cut, which lags below CME futures anticipations
Current copper prices on the LME hover around $8,831 per ton, signaling an implied inflation expectation of merely 2.36%. Including an actual interest rate of 2.22% yields a nominal debt rate projection slightly above the actual yield, indicating a rate decrease of about 12.9 basis points within a year.
Conversely, Gold maintains an implied expectation for cuts above one, marginally exceeding CME forecastsWith current gold prices approximate to $2,622 per ounce, the actual interest rate computed from these valuations implies a flat reduction expectation of around 34.3 basis points.
In the equity market landscape, the anticipated rate reductions are extensive, averaging around two cuts, closely aligning with the Fed’s projectionsUtilizing dividend yields and surmising their relationship to equity valuations, it emerges that stock market valuations imply a lower rate than current Treasury yields, establishing close parallels to Fed guidance, with S&P 500 leading the charge.
In conclusion, considering these analyses alongside the influencers of debt ceilings, policy implications, and tariffs provides additional layers of complexity across the asset spectrum
For US Treasuries, figures are driven chiefly by supply factors and growth expectations rather than direct inflation fears or rate hike worries, underlying why long-end yield increases observed since December have displayed muted responses on the stock front.
Looking forward, upcoming negotiations regarding the debt ceiling will significantly influence short-term Treasury trajectories—should resolutions come swiftly, they might offer advantageous tradesPresently, the term premium on 10-year Treasury bonds lingers around 50 basis points, close to highs experienced during prior issuance peaks but lower than post-2023 debt ceiling resolutions, which experienced significant upward adjustments.
As we observe the financial landscape evolve, volatility within U.Sequities may present re-allocation opportunitiesAnalyzing the inclusion of rate cut expectations reveals that the current stock market fluctuation is not excessive, indicating that while equities may not be significantly overvalued, they still warrant caution—particularly if economic indicators slip from anticipated levels